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Silas Thelensho Molema and Solomon Tshekisho Plaatje Papers
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Silas Thelensho Molema and Solomon Tshekisho Plaatje Papers

  • ZA HPRA A979
  • Fonds
  • 1874 - 1976

A substantial proportion of the documents are in Tswana. The Rolong tribal papers were easy to identify as most are on paper with the tribal letterhead. Most of Plaatje's correspondence is in Tswana, and as he discusses important developments in South African history, the correspondence had to be translated. Thus a Calendar could be compiled to describe the documents. The Ca1endar format has also been used to describe the papers of Chief Montshiwa.

In the body of the inventory names and places are spelled as they appear in the documents, and because of the inconsistency in Tswana orthography the same name may have various spellings. The term "native" instead of African or Black reflects the usage current at the time, and has been retained when describing documents. All references to the Rolong refer to the Tehidi branch of the tribe, and where other branches are meant they are referred to specifically e.g. Rapulana Rolong.

In the index (unpublished) modern spelling of names has been used, thus Montshiwa and not Montsioa. Where there are various spellings the one most commonly used has been chosen and the variations in spelling appear in brackets after the chosen form. If a person is usually referred to by his English first name, the Tswana name appears in brackets after the English names, thus Chief Wessels (Boccie) Montshiwa. It is a Tswana custom to refer to a person by the name of his father thus Seetsele Modiri Molema is sometimes referred to as Silas Modiri Molema.

It is also customary to call a woman after the name of her first born thus Elizabeth Plaatje is often called Ma Sainty, Sainty being the nickname for St Leger, her eldest son. Married women have been indexed under their married name with a reference from their maiden name. Place names are indexed under the English or Afrikaans name rather than the Tswana name and the modernised spelling of the name as used at the time of the compilation of the documents is preferred, thus Bechuanaland and not Botswana. In general, references to Bechuanaland in the documents do not differentiate between British Bechuanaland and the Bechuanaland Protectorate, therefore most references in the index will be to Bechuanaland unless a document refers specifically to either of these territories. The prefixes from the names of Bantu tribes have been dropped in accordance with current usage but have been retained in the body of the inventory, thus Rolong in the index and not Barolong.

Many of the people have been difficult to identify and family relationships are often difficult to establish. Therefore in order to increase the value of the index elementary biographical information has been included. In general, R F Hunnisett's Indexing for editors (British Records Association, 1972) has been consulted.

The papers cover a wide range of subjects such au history and local history in particular, politics, ethnology and social anthropology and Black literature and journalism. The papers of Chief Montshiwa document the encroachment of the Boers, the Warren Expedition and the annexation of British Bechuanaland in 1885. Others document the South African War, in particular the siege of Mafeking in which the Rolong played an important role; the formation of the South African Native National Congress; the Native Land Act (1913) and the delegations to England in 191L and 1919 to protest against the legislation and in particular Plaatje's participation. General tribal administration is reflected in the documents, both by the chiefs and the British (later South African) government officials. Prom the ethno-sociological point of view the papers represent a bourgeois, educated and Westernised.

Black family. The papers are also of literary interest, both Plaatje and S M Molema having made significant contributions to South African Black literature:

I would like to acknowledge the valuable assistance of Tim Couzens and Brian Willan. Mr Couzens was able to obtain information from living members of the Molema and Plaatje families, which helped to identify individuals and photographs. In order to establish complicated family relationships he has compiled a family tree of the Molema family (p.xiii, based on information obtained from Mr Morara T Molema, in interviews which took place on the 2-3 June 1978.

The following abbreviations have been used:

SANNC - South African Native National Congress.

Molema and Plaatje families

Lanyon, William) Owen, Kimberley. To Chief Montsioa, [Mafeking]

Acknowledges receipt of letter of' March 6 and refers to alleged ill-treatment of Barolong poople; accepts with pleasure the assurances sent by the Barolong via Molema of their confidence in and love for the British Government which in highly esteemed; sends by Molema, a saddle and bridle as a token of good will. letter signed sealed. 3p.

Miscellaneous

Evidence of David Ncupelsang that he had been assaulted by a Boer, Jacob Siljie (Cilliers) in a dispute over ownership of land at Makohosi (Bultfontein), 1878 Jan 21; petition to Her Majesty's Government by the Barolong of Thaba Nchu because of dispute over the successor to Chief Moroka who died on 1888 April 8, one Samuel disputing the claim of Sepinare (Tshipinare) to the chieftainship; contracts of service to construct houses; will of Bathobatho Motshegare; petition of Barolong to Union Government referrring to the Native Administration Bill of 1927 which will cause hardship to the tribe in times of drought.

Moysey, Charles John. To Chief Montsioa, [Mafeking]

Acknowledges receipt of letter of Jan 28; is pleased that Montsioa will comply with the wishes of the High Commissioner not to participate in the Anglo-Boer War; details progress of war, in particular Sir George Colley's unsuccessful attempt on Jan 28 to to take more British troops from Natal to the Transvaal over the [Drakens]berg; Britain does not want to involve the Barolong in the fighting but she does want their friendship; pro-Boer sentiments of Chiefs Moshetta and Machabie do not pose a threat; predicts that Sir George Colley will attack the Boers in about twenty days. autograph letter signed. 4p.

Barton, Henry S, Kimberley. To Chief Montsioa, [Mafeking]

Acknowledges receipt of letter and Montsioa's continued attachment to the Church; are considering carrying out missionary work in his territory on condition that they have a free reign, that suitable sites for churches, schools and houses be provided, "that the missionary committee shall have full liberty to introduce and utilize Native Agency whenever it may be deemed desirable to do so"; if Montsioa agrees to these conditions, a misnionary will be sent and they will be placed under the cure of the Transvaal district. autograph letter signed. 4p.

Wood Evelyn, Newcastle. To Chief Montsioa, [Mafeking]

Introduces himself as the general replacing Sir George Colley in command of the British troops; has heard with sorrow of the trouble between Montsioa and Machabi (of Polfontein) and that war has broken out; a Royal Commission (for the settlement of the affairs of the Transvaal) is sitting and will shortly proceed to Pretoria to enquire into the affairs of the Transvaal and the disputed Keate Award territory; is sending Major Ernest Buller to enquire into the cause of the fighting; Major Buller will disperse Boer commandos to prevent the Barolong being attacked. letter signed sealed (mutilated).

Moffat, John Smith, Lehurutse. To Chief Montsioa, (Mafeking)

The Royal Commission has brought forward the date when it will have an interview with the chiefs; it will new meet on July 30 and each deputation is to consist of not more than the Chief and six perssns in attendance; it is not necessary for Montsioa to come to Pretoria as his son is already there and will probably be granted an interview with the Royal Commission. autograph letter signed. 1p.

Chief Moptsioa, Mafeking. To Henry Nourse, Bechuanaland

He will not agree to an armistice with Moshete ae requested by Captain Nourse; in 1881 May Major Buller and Pete [Piet] Joubert came to negotiate peace between himself, Moshete and his sub-chief Matchabi; all agreed to keep the peace, but no sooner had they left when Matchabi stole his horses and cattle and was not punished for his offence; in addition Moshete has prevented his people from taking their corn to the Diamond Fields to sell; fears that the Boers want peace so that the British troops will leave, and subsequently they will again support his enemies; will agree to an armistice for two months on the condition that his stolen cattle are returned and justice is meted out; questions Captain Nourse's threat to send troops as he was given assurances by Colonel Moysey that he could rule as he pleased in his own country. Copy. letter. 2p.

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