The Commission was appointed in 1930 and headed by Dr. John Edward Holloway. The Terms of Reference of the Commission included an inquiry into "The economic and social conditions of Natives especially in the larger towns of the Union", which in essence was its main concern.

The Commission gathered its evidence mainly through submissions from all sectors of society and through public hearings throughout the Union of South Africa. The areas of inquiry were defined by a list of subjects, which were published in the Government Gazette and included amongst others: 'Tribal and Detribalised Natives', 'Land', 'Landless Native Population', 'Native Migrations', 'Native Agriculture', 'Rural and Urban Native Areas', 'Native Labour', 'Education of Natives', 'Native Taxation'.

R.F. Alfred Hoernle (1880-1943) originated from Bonn/Germany and was educated at Oxford/United Kingdom. In his career as a professional philosopher he taught at various Universities in the United States, United Kingdom and South Africa, where he was, till his death, Professor in the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (1920-1943).

R.F.A. Hoernle took great interest in two great South African problems, the Afrikaaner - English problem and the European - Native problem, as it was called at the time. The latter was fully covered in his book "South African Native Policy and the Liberal Spirit". Hoernle served as Chairman and as member of the Council of the South African Institute of Race Relations; he was Chairman of the Bantu Men's Social Centre; and a delegate to the British Commonwealth Relations Conference at Sydney shortly before the outbreak of World War II.

William Hosken: born 1851 in Cornwall. After studying engineering in Britain, Hosken came to South Africa where he established himself in the business sector; by the 1890s he was managing director of several gold mines in the vicinity of Johannesburg.

Hosken received a two year sentence for the part he played in the Jameson Raid which presumably explains why no newspaper clipping were collected between November 1895 March 1897.

Following services rendered to the Empire during the Boer war, Milner appointed Hoskins to the Johannesburg Council in 1902, Hoskins played furthermore a significant role in the Transvaal Parliament where he was known for his liberalism and support for Gandhi.

He died in 1925.

Advocate Frank Archibald William Lucas was one of the commissioners of the Native Economic Commission 1930-1932, which was headed by Dr. John Edward Holloway.

Institution: ASSOCIATION OF PRIVATE SCHOOLS

Subordinate body: STANDING COMMITTEE OF ASSOCIATED CHURCH SCHOOLS

The EMPSA head office in Johannesburg closed its doors shortly after the 1994 General Elections (1994/27 April). The programme was launched in September 1992. International monitors working in successive teams monitored events up to and including the 1994 General elections

Sketch of the Ecumenical Monitoring

Programme in South Africa:

EMPSA was established as a result of a call by the South African Churches - the South African Council of Churches (SACC) and the South African Catholic Bishops Conference (SACBC) to the international church community to send teams of monitors to address the question of violence.

The structure, policy and vision of the programme was agreed at a meeting with EMPSA's international partners in Geneva in August 1992. EMPSA was established with a three-fold mandate: to monitor violence, the political transitional process and elections

A group of eminent international church leaders, the Ecumenical Eminent Persons

Group (EEPG), launched the programme in September 1992.

The programme's international coordination was provided by the World Council of Churches in Geneva, in conjunction with the Vatican's Pontifical Commission on Justice and Peace. Recruitment, screening and initial selection of monitors proposed from countries all over the world was done in consultation with the EMPSA national office.

Programme coordination within South Africa was done from the Johannesburg head office, which had both national and international staff, and was responsible to a National Coordinating Committee representing participating churches and church agencies in the regions, the World Conference on Religion and Peace, and national independent monitoring organisations

Participants in the EMPSA programme developed working structures in their own countries which represented interested church denominations and relevant non- governmental organisations. These committees/forums undertook a more systematic approach to recruiting, screening, selecting and proposing monitors, raising funds to cover fares, allowances, insurances etc., and lobbying and information work with returned monitors. More recent participating countries tended to have a weaker infrastructure in this regard and operated on the basis of a single church, organisation or even individual.

EMPSA monitors, deployed in successive teams to various priority areas, engaged in a wide range of activities, from monitoring marches and rallies to facilitating meetings between groups to resolve conflicts, to intervening with police and government officials. Victims of violence were visited and contact was established with the police, all the main political and community players, peace committees, local churches and businesses. EMPSA was at an advantage because it worked closely with church networks as well as non-governmental organisations. Monitors did experience problems with the length of their stay (approximately six weeks). They needed time to familiarise themselves with the situation in which they found themselves. They also needed to follow up on cases. However a good handover between successive teams and a growing network of local contacts was able to sustain a level of continuity.

Monitors worked under difficult conditions and frequently found themselves in dangerous situations. In one particular incident, EMPSA monitors Joyce Cashmore and Pieter van Reenen were detained by Bophuthatswana police sparking a local and international outcry. It is generally agreed that the presence of EMPSA monitors together with other monitoring structures contributed to a relatively peaceful electoral process

In response to Vatican II, Pope Paul VI set up the Pontifical Commission for justice and peace in 1967. A justice and peace group was founded in Johannesburg in 1973/4. Bishop Orsmond later resuscitated the group. He appointed Fr. Emil Blaser O P as Episcopal Vicar for Justice and Reconciliation. The directive for justice and peace was integrated into the pastoral plan of the Catholic Church, the theme of which is Community serving Humanity. It was in this context that Justice and Peace, keenly aware that Apartheid has been a key characteristic of our situation set about addressing societal imbalances. Apart from its primary focus which is to raise awareness in the Catholic Community, Justice and Peace works closely with both local and international organisations (religious and lay) who are committed to transforming society through justice and reconciliation.

The Worker's Party of South Africa was formed in 1935 after the merger of the Communist League of South Africa and the Bolshevik Leninist League. The collection contains minutes, correspondence, articles and other records of this organisation. Also included are records of the Independent Labour Party and the League of International Communists.

Peace the Peace was an organisation established in 1993, initially under the auspices of Wits Vaal Peace Secretariat.

Using trained peace workers from troubled areas, the Corps aimed in promoting peace in these areas by monitoring; marches and public events and encouraging a culture of peace.

Young unemployed people were mainly trained as monitors and paid a small salary, Ephemeral records (L, M, N, 0) may he destroyed alter the year 2001

TRAC is a non-profit land NGO, working to support rural communities and campaigning for land reform and redistribution.