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Ernest Cole, Photographic collection and Papers Item Image
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Man singing with guitar in a shebeen

Atmosphere of the shebeens is free, in contrast to that of regimented Government beer halls. When spirits run high, someone usually provides music, and a woman may break into a dance or staccato of swearwords. It used to be a social disgrace for an African woman to be found drinking with men. Shebeens have changed this.

Roundups and arrests

But others may get caught as police try to solve tsotsi problem with roundups and arrests. This only toughens the youths, who take pride in being able to stand up to interrogation, beatings, and jail conditions.

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