Atmosphere of the shebeens is free, in contrast to that of regimented Government beer halls. When spirits run high, someone usually provides music, and a woman may break into a dance or staccato of swearwords. It used to be a social disgrace for an African woman to be found drinking with men. Shebeens have changed this.
Part of Ellen Hellmann Papers
Ellen Hellmann's research on the Rooiyard slumyard.
Wits students commemorate the Sharpeville and Langa massacres in Johannesburg
Part of Institute for Advanced Social Research (IASR), Photographs
A march by students
Part of Raymond Tucker Papers
The fire hydrant faced Jan Smuts Ave, with a sloping lawn and a few trees behind it. That lawn is now covered with the Oppenheimer Life Sciences Building.
Part of Raymond Tucker Papers
This was early in the day. Most of the protesters attended class in the morning then joined the protest at lunch time.
Part of Raymond Tucker Papers
The students were careful to stand on university property because it was illegal to stand on the pavement.
Part of Raymond Tucker Papers
SB stands for Special Branch. They were the secret police, to whom no laws applied, and many of them infiltrated the protest, some very noticeable, some not. This one was being questioned by students.
Part of Raymond Tucker Papers
Brigadier Schroeder with a loud hailer. He was punished for trying to stop the police violence by being transferred out of Johannesburg soon afterwards.
Part of Raymond Tucker Papers
Police trespassing on Wits university property.